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Colubrina oppositifolia

Brongn. ex H.Mann (1867)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Rosales Family: Rhamnaceae Genus: Colubrina

kauila, kauwila

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Trees 5–13 m tall.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite and decussate (pairs of leaves alternating 90 degrees between nodes). Blades ovate to ovate–elliptic, 6–12 cm long, 3–7 cm wide (up to ca. 20 cm long and 8.5 cm wide in seedlings). Apex acute to short-acuminate. Surfaces glabrous, dull, membranous; lower surfaces with 2 kinds of glands, small, submarginal, blackish ones and a peculiar gland-like proliferation in the axil of each secondary vein. Margins entire. Pinnately veined. Petioles 1.4–3 cm long (up to 4.5 cm long in seedlings). Stipules of each pair of leaves connate into a lanceolate structure, dark pigmented, 6–8 mm long, caducous, leaving a prominent whitish scar.

Flowers: Flowers 10–12 in thyrses 10–15 mm long, peduncles 3–8 mm long, pedicels ca. 2–3 mm long, elongating to 6–13 mm long in fruit. Flowers bisexual (perfect), actinomorphic. Calyx of 5 sepals, deltate, ca. 1.5–2 mm long, valvate in bud. Corolla of 5 petals, ca. 1.5 mm long; style short, 3-lobed. Stamens 5, opposite the petals; filaments distinct, adnate to base of petals; anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary partly inferior, 3-celled; ovules 1 per cell, basal and erect, anatropous; style 3-lobed.

Fruit: Fruit drupaceous; broadly subglobose; 8–11 mm long; explosively dehiscent along the ventral; axile; and longitudinal sutures. Seeds oblong–obovoid; 6–8 mm long; base shallowly notched; seed coat thick and bony.

Ploidy: 2n = 48

Habitat: Dry to mesic forest.

Elevation Range: 240–920 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

  • There are two trees from the Rhamnaceae family that are both called kauila (Alphitonia ponderosa and Colubrina oppositifolia). In the ethnographic literature and the Bishop Museum ethnology collection it is usually unclear which of the two is actually represented. Therefore it is not certain which of the species may actually be represented in some of the information and images that follow. Kauila wood was used for many purposes, including as house beams; kapa beaters (i‘e kuku and hohoa) (Krauss 1993:61,63,69); fishing spears (kao or ‘o) and netting needle or shuttle (hi‘a ka ‘upena) (Krauss 1993:34,35,45), javelins (darts, ihe pahe‘e or pahe‘e) & spears (long spear or pololu); daggers (pahoa); clubs & shark-tooth clubs (Krauss 1993:94–97, 106–111); ‘o‘o (digging stick) (Krauss 1993:25); guessing games pieces (polished sticks hidden in hands), heavy base used in "wand game" (‘ume or pili) (Krauss 1993:92–93); ‘ukeke (musical bow); it was the preferred wood to repair wooden bowls (small pegs hammered in) (Krauss 1993:80, 85). In the Ethnology Collection at Bishop Museum there is a post-contact example of the wood made into a bowl and one of Kamehameka I's spears is said to have been reworked into this cane. Additional collections items of kauila are pestles and an amulet.

  • O'o - agricultural tool

CULTURE

  • The Kauila Trees of Maunaloa The gods of the forest, distrubed by loudness, had changed the noisy crowd into a grove of kauila trees which would whisper in the wind but never shout aloud (Pukui & Curtis 1951:179).

PROPAGATION/CULTIVATION

  • The fruit of Colubrina oppositifolia is a almost round capsule 1/2 inch in diameter. The capsule has 3 parts and there are generally several seeds in each capsule. The dark brown to black oval seeds can be up to 1/4 inch long. The fruits ripen from late spring through early fall. The capsule opens explosively when it is mature. Culliney advises that full-sized fruits that have not completely dried and are still greenish-brown often contain more viable seeds than completely mature capsules. These not-quite-mature fruits should be ripened in a dry location free from insects for a few weeks. The seeds can be extracted after this process.
  • In his germination studies, Obata found that untreated seeds of Colubrina oppositifolia had germination rates ranging from 5 to 30%. Culliney notes that some individual trees do not produce viable seeds. These seeds do not contain an embryo.
  • Stratton's survey respondents had three pre-treatment recommendations. The first was to soak the seeds for 3 days in tap water. Soaked seeds germinated in 2 weeks to 2 months with a 65% germination rate. The second treatment was scarification with a clippers or file. Scarified seeds germinated about 5 days sooner than soaked seeds and also had a 65% germination rate. The third treatment was to soak the seeds in 170 degree F water for 24 hours. These seeds germinated in 2 weeks to 2 months with a 40% germination rate. Untreated seeds took 3 weeks to 3 months to germinate with a 40% germination rate. If a soaking pre-treatment is used, discard any seeds that float.
  • Lilleeng-Rosenberger's notes show similar findings. Fresh seed which had been soaked for 36 hours in cold water germinated in 2 to 4 weeks and had 59% germination. Scarified seeds also germinated in 2 to 4 weeks and had 80% germination. Culliney et al suggests soaking the seeds in water for 24 hours though their reported germination percentage ranges from 25% to 75%.
  • Seeds should be planted in a shallow container in a well-draining medium such as a mixture of 3 parts #2 perlite to 1 part Sunshine Mix #4 or a mix of 4 parts cinder to 1 part soil; Culliney recommends 100% vermiculite. The planting medium should be keep moist until germination and the containers should be kept in a covered shaded area for better control of moisture levels in medium. Seeds germinate in 2 to 4 weeks.
  • According to Stratton's survey, Colubrina oppositifolia roots grow slowly and the seedling may benefit from a foliar application of phosphorus. Koebele reports that powdered sulfur can successfully be used to control fungal diseases on Colubrina oppositifolia seedlings.
  • To store seeds of Colubrina oppositifolia, remove them from the capsules and keep them dry. Store them in a paper container in a cool, dry (relative humidity 25%) location. Stratton recommends storage in an airtight container with desiccant. However, Lilleeng-Rosenberger's notes indicate that seeds stored for 2 months at 80 degrees F and 25% relative humidity experienced a decrease in viability. Only 30% to 35% of these seeds germinated even when treated. (Culliney 1999; Koebele 1999; Lilleeng-Rosenberger 1996; Obata 1967; Stratton 1998) [Data from Herring, E. C., & Criley, R. A. (2003). The Hawaiian Native Plant Propagation Web Site: Developing a Webbased Information Resource. HortTechnology, 13(3), 545-548. https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/hawnprop/]

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Only found in cultivation
O'ahu Endemic
Maui Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Notes

  • Abbott indicates confusion between this tool and Alphitonia ponderosa since both are called kauila

Bibliography

Name Published In: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 7: 161 (1867)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1094 (O, H); Lau 1995:10 (WM)

Laau Hawaii (Abbott) p.xx

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Remnant dry forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 503 Hawaii PTBG 7/28/1983
2 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN O. Degener 8736 F 9/10/1929
3 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 20h NY 6/8/1911
4 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. c. rock 10092 NY 1/7/1912
5 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 20821 NY 7/2/1950
6 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. c. rock 3529 NY 6/7/1909
7 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. st. john 22523 NY 1/3/1947
8 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Scott Sloan s.n. Kauai PTBG 4/3/1993
9 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hawaii US
10 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 10092 Hawaii BISH 1/8/1912
11 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Dry forest over a`a lava flow. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 7714 Hawaii PTBG 10/18/1995
12 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Dry forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 8151 Hawaii PTBG 11/19/1997
13 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Remnant of dry forest, over recent (1801) aa lava flow. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 5485 Hawaii PTBG 8/6/1987
14 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H50701 Maui PTBG 5/2/2007
15 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Dry forest over a`a lava flow. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 7810 Hawaii PTBG 9/6/1996
16 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Vladimir J. Krajina 611230047 UBC 12/30/1961
17 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Diospyros lowland dry forest and degraded allien veg. associated with pasture. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 12471 Hawaii PTBG 1/8/1992
18 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Dry Diospyros Forest and A'a lava shrubland PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Merlin Edmonds ME355 Hawaii PTBG 8/7/2015
19 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN william l. stern, n. s. stewart, daniel owen, henry morimoto RSA 11/8/1974
20 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Wet forest kipuka. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN RSA
21 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN D. H. Lorence 8151 Hawaii US 11/19/1997
22 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. r. fosberg 42173 Hawaii US 9/11/1961
23 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN e. j. rémy 581 Oahu US 1851-08-08
24 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. h. lorence 8151 Hawaii US 11/19/1997
25 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Steep, open slope. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst, j. obata, d. palmer & r. baker 5250 Oahu US 3/9/1975
26 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. st. john 25479 Hawaii US 12/28/1954
27 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. r. fosberg 41727 Hawaii US 3/24/1961
28 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hawaii US
29 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 8736 Kauai US 9/10/1929
30 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hawaii US
31 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 20 Oahu US 6/8/1911
32 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. nagata & b. kimura 1749 Hawaii US 7/28/1978
33 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 8736 Hawaii US 9/10/1929
34 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener, w. hatheway & a. b. greenwell 20,821 Oahu US 7/2/1950
35 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. st. john, -. bean, -- coulter, hashimoto, hosaka, lindsay & mitchell 11339 Kauai US 12/26/1931
36 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. obata 278 Oahu US 2/17/1975
37 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. h. swezey s.n. Hawaii US 7/30/1934
38 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN D. H. Lorence & N. Judd 10679 Kauai US 2/8/2017
39 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Disturbed woodland PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. obata 278 Hawaii US 2/17/1975
40 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. l. stern, n. stewart, d. owen & h. morimoto 3122 Hawaii US 3/28/1974
41 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. h. lorence & n. judd 10679 Kauai US 2/8/2017
42 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & h. wiebke 3345 Hawaii US 8/18/1926
43 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. rock 10092 Hawaii US 1/8/1912
44 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. h. hatheway 375 Oahu US 8/21/1950
45 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information On steep dry substrate, among Diospyros, Eugenia, Canthium, and Sapindus, and in a fairly open understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Obata, J.K. 278 Oahu BISH 2/17/1975
46 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information A community codominant in canopy-intact dryland forest, habitat densely infested with fountain grass. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN takeuchi, w.n. imada, c. collector number: 3410 Hawaii BISH 2/11/1987
47 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN woolford, h.a. collector number: s.n. Hawaii BISH 12/28/1956
48 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information On pahoehoe substrate with scattered Diospyros, Planchonella and Pleomele. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Clarke, G. 672 Hawaii BISH 3/16/1982
49 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN e. ozaki, k. kosaki & c. lemoureux 1324 Hawaii US
50 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Munro, G.C. 2 Oahu BISH 5/14/1954
51 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. collector number: 1301 BISH 10/16/1985
52 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 13014 Hawaii BISH 8/1/1917
53 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Skottsberg, C.J.F. 1957 Hawaii BISH 9/26/1926
54 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 11339 Hawaii BISH 12/26/1931
55 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 10092 Hawaii BISH 1/1/1912
56 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 3346 Hawaii BISH 8/18/1926
57 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Woolford, H.A. s.n. Hawaii BISH 12/28/1956
58 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Open forest on aa lava, with Diospyros, Gouania, Canthium. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 25479 Hawaii BISH 12/28/1954
59 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 22.h Hawaii BISH 6/8/1911
60 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN skottsberg, c.j.f. collector number: 1957 Hawaii BISH 9/26/1926
61 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information moist gulch in Acacia koa forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN swezey, o.h. collector number: s.n. Hawaii BISH 7/30/1934
62 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information growing on a'a lava with Erythrina, Metrosideros, Xylosma, Lantana. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 1589 Hawaii BISH 2/22/1970
63 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Occasional on steep slope in scrubby forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. hatheway, w.h. collector number: 33263 Oahu BISH 2/4/1951
64 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gillett, G.W. 1965 Hawaii BISH 9/2/1966
65 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. r. fosberg 59513 Hawaii US 3/8/1980
66 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN gillett, g.w. carlquist, s.; carlson, n. collector number: 1965 Hawaii BISH 9/2/1966
67 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 20821 Oahu BISH 7/2/1950
68 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Bryan Jr., E.H. s.n. Oahu BISH 2/7/1929
69 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Dry slope forest, with Mezoneuron and Reynoldsia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hatheway, W.H. 382 Oahu BISH 9/30/1950
70 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In wet jungle PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 20.h Hawaii US 6/8/1911
71 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Single specimen growing in the center of the Community Garden plots. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 12/9/1955
72 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Dry open forest on aa lava. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 22523 Hawaii BISH 1/3/1947
73 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information A community codominant in canopy-intact dryland forest, habitat densely infested with fountain grass. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Takeuchi, W.N. 3410 Hawaii BISH 2/11/1987
74 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Open forest on aa lava, with Diospyros, Gouania, Canthium. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 25479 Hawaii BISH 12/28/1954
75 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Lava flow near Mezoneuron. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN webster, g.l. gankin, r.; herbst, d. collector number: 14014 Hawaii BISH 6/30/1968
76 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 3529 Hawaii BISH 6/6/1909
77 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. r. fosberg 10170 F 9/3/1933
78 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN W. H. Hatheway et al. 124 F 7/2/1950
79 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Occasional in dryland scrub forest, broad sclerophyll, not spiny. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 59513 Hawaii BISH 3/8/1980
80 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 20.H Hawaii BISH 6/8/1911
81 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Swezey, O.H. s.n. Hawaii BISH 7/30/1934
82 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Occasional in dryland scrub forest, broad sclerophyll, not spiny. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 59513 Hawaii BISH 3/8/1980
83 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information On steep slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 5250 Oahu BISH 3/9/1975
84 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In old aa flow with Pennisetum, Diospyros & Lantana. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. kimura, b. collector number: 1749 Hawaii BISH 7/28/1978
85 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In assoc. w/ Diospyros-Dracaena dry foreat with Lantana underbrush. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Spence, G. 19 Hawaii BISH 2/6/1972
86 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Cultivated area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lorence, D.H. 10679 Kauai BISH 2/8/2017
87 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information On pahoehoe substrate with scattered Diospyros, Planchonella and Pleomele with dense fountain grass. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Clarke, G. 672 Hawaii BISH 3/16/1982
88 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information On steep dry substrate, among Diospyros, Eugenia, Canthium, and Sapindus, and in a fairly open understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN obata, j.k. collector number: 278 Oahu BISH 2/17/1975
89 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN munro, g.c. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 1/1/1958
90 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Dry. Associated species: Lantana, mullein, lama. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Montgomery, S.L. 25 Hawaii BISH 7/3/1971
91 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Higashino, P.K. 77-3 Hawaii BISH 7/1/1977
92 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information On `a`a lava in dry forest area, with Diospyros ferrea ssp. sandwicensis, Nothocestrum breviflorum, Erythrina sandwicensis, Pleomele (Dracaena) aurea, Planchonella sandwicensis. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Carlquist, S. 2086 Hawaii BISH 7/29/1966
93 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Solitary tree, festooned with Cassytha. Old `a`a flow in remnant Diospyros-Canthium stand with abundant Lantana & Schinus. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 2776 Hawaii BISH 1/7/1984
94 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Remy, M.J. 581 Hawaii BISH 1/24/1905
95 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Skottsberg, C.J.F. 689 Hawaii BISH 9/26/1922
96 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information With Kukui, Bobea, Passiflora alata, etc. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 3345 Oahu BISH 8/18/1926
97 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN warshauer, f.r. mceldowney, p.h. collector number: frw 2085 Oahu BISH 8/9/1978
98 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Open field. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 10170 Hawaii BISH 9/3/1933
99 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 1282 Hawaii BISH 10/15/1985
100 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN russ, g.w. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 6/1/1932
101 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 10170 Oahu BISH 9/3/1933
102 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Open forest on `a`a lava, with Diospyros, Gouania, Canthium. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 25479 Hawaii BISH 12/28/1954
103 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information On pahoehoe substrate with scattered Diospyros, Planchonella and Pleomele with dense fountain grass. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Clarke, G. Collector Number: 672 Hawaii BISH 3/16/1982
104 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 13014 Hawaii BISH 8/8/1917
105 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Remnant of dry forest with Diospyros sandwicensis dominant, also Colubrina, Canthium, Nototrichium, etc. with understory of introduced Pennisetum setaceum, over recent (1801) aa lava flow. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lorence, D.H. 5485 Hawaii BISH 8/6/1987
106 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener, w. hatheway & a. b. greenwell 20821? Kauai BISH 7/2/1950
107 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Associated primarily with Diospyros, some Mezoneuron, Sapindus, and Osmanthus; PRESERVED_SPECIMEN obata, j.k. perlman, s.; hill, r.; mayer, s. collector number: jo(85)-567 Oahu BISH 7/7/1985
108 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Collected from a limestone platform PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 1478 Oahu BISH 1/4/1970
109 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 8735 Kauai BISH 9/9/1929
110 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Barren aa desert. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 3345 Hawaii BISH 8/18/1926
111 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Remnant of dry forest with Diospyros sandwicensis dominant, also Colubrina, Canthium, Nototrichium, etc. with understory of introduced Pennisetum setaceum, over recent (1801) aa lava flow. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lorence, d.h. flynn, t. collector number: 5485 Hawaii BISH 8/6/1987
112 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Open bog, dry a'a', native forest at 1950 ft. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 2995 Hawaii BISH 5/3/1973
113 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 22523 Lanai BISH 1/3/1947
114 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Lava fields. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cranwell, l.m. selling, o.; skottsberg, c. collector number: 3217 Hawaii BISH 9/11/1938
115 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Rough lava. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN macdaniels, l.h. collector number: 305 Hawaii BISH 12/1/1926
116 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Russ, G.W. s.n. Oahu BISH 7/1/1932
117 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Open forest on aa lava, with Diospyros, Gouania, Canthium. PreservedSpecimen St. John, H. Collector Number: 25479 BISH Specimen 12/28/1954
118 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN munro, g.c. collector number: 2 Oahu BISH 5/14/1954
119 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Dense; shaded; wet Guava jungle. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. st. john 25479 Hawaii BISH 12/28/1954
120 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information On steep slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. obata, j.; palmer, d.; baker, r. collector number: 5250 Oahu BISH 3/9/1975
121 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 25479 BISH
122 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information cut bank; wet ohia forest, native trees and shrubs, treefern PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 3529 Molokai BISH 6/6/1909
123 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Obata, J.K. 278 Oahu BISH 2/17/1975
124 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. et al. collector number: 11339 Hawaii BISH 12/26/1931
125 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Tree-covered aa lava kipuka. Arid region. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 8735 Hawaii BISH 9/9/1929
126 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Russ, G.W. s.n. Oahu BISH 6/1/1932
127 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Dry slope forest, with Mezoneuron and Reynoldsia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hatheway, w.h. collector number: 382 Oahu BISH 9/30/1950
128 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In aa desert. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 3682 Hawaii BISH 8/20/1926
129 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Lava fields. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cranwell, L.M. 3217 Hawaii BISH 9/11/1938
130 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In aa desert. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 3346 Hawaii BISH 8/8/1926
131 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Moist lower forest, on ground. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. iwasaki, y. collector number: 8737 Oahu BISH 1/20/1930
132 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Growing with Diospyros, Metrosideros, Xylosma, on dry aa lava. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 1478 Hawaii BISH 1/4/1970
133 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information On pahoehoe substrate with scattered Diospyros, Planchonella and Pleomele. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Clarke, G. Collector Number: 672 Hawaii BISH 3/16/1982
134 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 25479 Oahu BISH 12/28/1954
135 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Associated primarily with Diospyros, some Mezoneuron, Sapindus, and Osmanthus; PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Obata, J.K. 85-567 Oahu BISH 7/7/1985
136 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 10092 Hawaii BISH 1/1/1912
137 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information growing on a'a lava with Erythrina, Metrosideros, Xylosma, Lantana. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 1589 Hawaii BISH 2/22/1970
138 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Solitary tree, festooned with Cassytha. Old `a`a flow in remnant Diospyros-Canthium stand with abundant Lantana & Schinus. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. collector number: 2776 Hawaii BISH 1/7/1984
139 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN korte, k.h. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 6/1/1954
140 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN russ, g.w. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 6/1/1932
141 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Rough lava. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN MacDaniels, L.H. 305 Hawaii BISH 12/1/1926
142 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN higashino, p.k. collector number: 77-3 Hawaii BISH 7/1/1977
143 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wagner, w.l. mill, s.w.; flynn, t.; gustafson, r.; davis, j. collector number: 5297 Hawaii BISH 2/28/1984
144 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information On dry aa lava. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 1180 Hawaii BISH 7/1/1968
145 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Found in Nuuanu Valley on log. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 41727 Oahu BISH 3/24/1961
146 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 10093 Hawaii BISH 2/1/1912
147 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Lava flow near Mezoneuron. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Webster, G.L. 14014 Hawaii BISH 6/30/1968
148 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W.L. 5297 Hawaii BISH 2/28/1984
149 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN obata, j.k. collector number: 278 Kauai BISH 2/17/1975
150 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 3346 Hawaii BISH 8/18/1926
151 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Dry sunny ridge in guava zone scrub. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hatheway, w.h. greenwell, a.; degener, o. collector number: 124 Oahu BISH 7/2/1950
152 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information rain forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. hatheway, w.h.; greenwell, a. collector number: 20821 Maui BISH 7/2/1950
153 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information On side of gulch with Lantana-Ipomoea congesta association. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 2610 Hawaii BISH 2/13/1983
154 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Tree-covered aa lava kipuka. Arid region. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 8736 Hawaii BISH 9/10/1929
155 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN bryan jr., e.h. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 2/7/1929
156 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Lava flow near Mezoneuron. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Webster, G.L. Gankin, R.; Herbst, D. Collector Number: 14014 Hawaii BISH 6/30/1968
157 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Dry forest, part of a kipuka, growing adjacent to the Kaupuleho Lava Flow; a'a lava. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stern, W.L. 3122 Hawaii BISH 3/28/1974
158 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In aa desert. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 3682 Hawaii BISH 8/20/1926
159 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN remy, m.j. collector number: 581 Hawaii BISH 1851-01-01
160 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In arid forest on aa lava flows. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 3901 Hawaii BISH 1/18/1930
161 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 20821 Oahu BISH 7/2/1950
162 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 3345 Hawaii BISH 8/18/1926
163 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 1301 Hawaii BISH 10/16/1985
164 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Barren aa desert. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. wiebke, h. collector number: 3345 Hawaii BISH 8/18/1926
165 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 3529 Hawaii BISH 6/6/1909
166 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In ohia forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. hatheway, w.h.; greenwell, a. collector number: 20821 Maui BISH 7/2/1950
167 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 20.h Hawaii BISH 6/8/1911
168 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Still common on lava flows. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. s.n. Hawaii BISH 12/9/1955
169 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In old aa flow with Pennisetum, Diospyros & Lantana. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 1749 Hawaii BISH 7/28/1978
170 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN montgomery, s.l. collector number: 25 Hawaii BISH 7/3/1971
171 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Williams, J. PRC114 Hawaii BISH 1/1/1982
172 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Common in dry forested gulch. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 25571 Oahu BISH 7/17/1955
173 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Korte, K.H. s.n. Oahu BISH 1954-00-00
174 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Open bog, dry a'a', native forest at 1950 ft. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 2995 Hawaii BISH 5/3/1973
175 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Occasional on steep slope in scrubby forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 33263 Oahu BISH 2/4/1951
176 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 10093 Hawaii BISH 2/1/1912
177 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information #NAME? PRESERVED_SPECIMEN carlquist, s. collector number: 2086 Oahu BISH 7/29/1966
178 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information On pahoehoe substrate with scattered Diospyros, Planchonella and Pleomele. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN clarke, g. collector number: 672 Hawaii BISH 3/16/1982
179 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN skottsberg, c.j.f. collector number: 689 Hawaii BISH 9/26/1922
180 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Dry sunny ridge in guava zone scrub. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hatheway, W.H. 124 Oahu BISH 7/2/1950
181 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Occasional in dry open forest on aa lava slope. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 41727 Hawaii BISH 3/24/1961
182 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Russ, G.W. s.n. Oahu BISH 6/1/1932
183 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Reef flat in 1 to 3 ft of water at low tide. Areas of submarine meadows, with algae, in stable areas of sand, about 100 ft. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 10092 Oahu BISH 1/8/1912
184 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN russ, g.w. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 7/1/1932
185 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In aa desert. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. wiebke, h. collector number: 3346 Hawaii BISH 8/8/1926
186 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In assoc. w/ Diospyros-Dracaena dry foreat with Lantana underbrush. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN spence, g. collector number: 19 Hawaii BISH 2/6/1972
187 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN williams, j. collector number: prc114 Hawaii BISH 1/8/1982
188 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Common in dry forested gulch. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 25571 Oahu BISH 7/17/1955
189 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information On side of gulch with Lantana-Ipomoea congesta association. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. collector number: 2610 Hawaii BISH 2/13/1983
190 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In arid forest on aa lava flow. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 8737 Hawaii BISH 1/20/1930
191 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN m. c. carlson 3784 F 3/11/1962
192 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN F. R. Fosberg 10170 F 9/3/1933
193 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. N. Forbes 20 F 6/8/1911
194 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN D. Mita s.n. F 1/3/1947
195 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN M. C. Carlson 3784 F 3/11/1962
196 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. h. hatheway et al. 124 F 7/2/1950
197 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. mita s.n. F 1/3/1947
198 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN e. j. rémy 581 GH
199 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Tree-covered arid region PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 8736 NY 9/10/1929
200 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN david h. lorence lorence t130 MO 9/6/1995
201 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 3346 NY 8/8/1926
202 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Tree-covered arid region PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 8735 NY 9/9/1929
203 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Very steep talus slope in dry land scrub and forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. h. hatheway 375 NY 8/21/1950
204 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Aa desert PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 3682 NY 8/20/1926
205 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 20944 NY 2/1/1950
206 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Open dry forest on slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. r. fosberg 41727 NY 3/24/1961
207 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN John Obata 278 Oahu PTBG 2/17/1975
208 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Arid forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 3901 NY 1/18/1930
209 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Barren aa desert PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 3345 NY 8/18/1926
210 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Cultivated area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 10679 Kauai PTBG 2/8/2017
211 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information On dry aa lava. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Derral Herbst 1478 Hawaii PTBG 1/4/1970
212 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 13612 Hawaii PTBG 6/2/1993
213 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Dry forest remnant. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 1282 Hawaii PTBG 10/15/1985
214 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Diospyros sandwicensis lowland dry forest, pioneer vegetation on aa lava PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 382 Hawaii PTBG 6/22/1990
215 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Growing on aa lava. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Derral Herbst 1589 Hawaii PTBG 2/22/1970
216 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros-Diospyros sandwicensis-Erythrina sandwicensis forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Natalia Tangalin 788 Hawaii PTBG 6/6/2006
217 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros- Diospyros mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 2619 Oahu PTBG 6/23/1993
218 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 12888 Oahu PTBG 7/12/1992
219 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Dry forest over a'a lava dominated by Diospyros sandwicensis. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 9517 Hawaii PTBG 5/7/2006
220 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In arid forest on aa lava flows. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. iwasaki, y. collector number: 3901 Hawaii BISH 1/18/1930
221 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Remnant dry forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 1301 Hawaii PTBG 10/16/1985
222 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. collector number: 1282 Lanai BISH 10/15/1985
223 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H.Mann Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information On pahoehoe substrate with scattered Diospyros, Planchonella and Pleomele with dense fountain grass. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN clarke, g. collector number: 672 Hawaii BISH 3/16/1982
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